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Ultrasound has been widly used in the evaluation of renal diseases since it is noninvasive, harmless,rapid and easy to perform. Especially, it represents a superior diagnostic tool for the initial imaging of nonvisualizing kidneys. An examination was done on 33 cases of nonvisualizing kidneys on excretory urography, including 2 bilateral obstructive uropathies(1 BPH with chronic cystitis and 1 lymphode enlargnebt with cervix cancer), 12 unilateral obstructive renal diseases(8 stones, and each 1 of caseous debri, ectopic ureter, myoma uteri, and ureteral stricture) and 19 nonobstructive diseases(6 renal tuberculosis, 3 renal tumors, 2 renal artery occlusions, 2 chronic pyelonephritis with atrophy, and single examples of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, systemic lupus erytjematosus, nephrosclerosis, polycystic kidney, paranrphric abscess and congential solitary kidney). Ultrasound could dofferentiate obstructive from nonobstructive renal diseases of nonvisualizing kidneys with 100% accuracy. In 3 cases of 19 nonobstructive diseases, the ultrasonic guidance was utilized for percutanous renal biopsy. To confirm the presence of kidney in abdomen by ultrasonography was the key to diagnose renal artery occiuaion and congential solitary kidney. The ability to visualize renal size, cortical thickness and echogencity, and appearance of pelvocalyceal system enhanced the value of uitrasound to approach medical renal diseases. Renal tuberculosis, renaltumor polycystic kidney and pararenal abscess in nonvisualizing kidney revealed the characteristic findings on ultrasound.
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